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Joseph Kara
Joseph ben Simeon Kara ( 1065 – c. 1135) (Hebrew: יוסף בן שמעון קרא) was a French Bible exegete who was born and lived in Troyes. His uncle and teacher was Menahem ben Ḥelbo, whom Ḳara often cites in his commentaries, these quotations being almost the only source of knowledge concerning Menahem's exegesis.
Ḳara frequented Rashi's house; it is even possible that he was Rashi's pupil,〔Zunz, ''Z.G.'' p. 68.〕 though this is denied by A. Epstein. At least they quote each other.〔comp. Joseph Ḳara on Prov. iv.4, v.14, vi.23, xviii.22; Rashi on Judges iii.26; Num. xvii.5, xxiv.14; Isa. x.24).〕
== Social milieu ==
In Rashi's house Ḳara also made the acquaintance of Samuel ben Meïr.〔Compare RaSHBaM on Gen. xxxvii.13.〕 They likewise quote each other.〔Compare RaSHBaM on Gen. xxiv.60 and Num. iv.10; Rosin, ''R. Samuel ben Meïr,'' pp. 12 et seq., 72 et seq.; Joseph Ḳara on Amos iii.12; Job xi.17; Gen. x.15; Porges, in ''Monatsschrift,'' 1883, p. 169.〕 Isaac Ḳara, of whose exegesis specimens are given in ''Monatsschrift,'' 1864, p. 219; 1865, p. 384,〔Compare Rosin, l.c. pp. 24 et seq.〕 may be a son of Joseph.
The surname "Ḳara" is usually taken to be a professional name, meaning "reader" or "interpreter of the Bible".〔See ''Jew. Encyc.'' iii.168, s.v. Bible Exegesis〕 Adolf Jellinek points out, however,〔''Commentarien zu Esther, Ruth,'' etc., p. vi, Leipzig, 1855.〕 that "Ḳara," as contrasted with "Darshan," means the representative of the "Peshaṭ" ("Pashṭan").
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